Demographics of Tunisia
Demographics of Tunisia | |
---|---|
Population | 11,896,972 (2022 est.)[1] |
Growth rate | 0.69% (2022 est.) |
Birth rate | 14.62 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Death rate | 6.36 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Life expectancy | 76.82 years |
• male | 75.14 years |
• female | 78.6 years (2022 est.) |
Fertility rate | 2.11 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | 11.87 deaths/1,000 live births |
Net migration rate | -1.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
Age structure | |
0–14 years | 25.28% |
65 and over | 8.86% |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.07 male(s)/female |
65 and over | 0.78 male(s)/female |
Nationality | |
Nationality | Tunisian |
Major ethnic | Arabs (98%)[2] |
Minor ethnic | Berbers (1%),[3][4] Others (1%) |
Language | |
Official | Arabic |
Tunisia's population was estimated to be around 12.04 million in 2022.[5] In the generally youthful African continent, Tunisia's population is among the most mature. This is because the government has supported a successful family planning program that has reduced the population growth rate to just over 1% per annum, contributing to Tunisia's economic and social stability.[6]
The population of Tunisia is made up of Arabs (98%),[2] Berbers (1%),[3][4] and others (1%). Around 98 percent of the population are Muslim.[7] There is a Jewish population on the southern island of Djerba and in Tunis. There also exists a small autochthonous group of Christian adherents.[8]
Population History
[edit]Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. Updates on reimplementing the Graph extension, which will be known as the Chart extension, can be found on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
0 | 800,000 | — |
500 | 850,000 | +6.2% |
1000 | 1,000,000 | +17.6% |
1500 | 800,000 | −20.0% |
1700 | 800,000 | +0.0% |
1900 | 1,880,000 | +135.0% |
1960 | 4,220,701 | +124.5% |
1970 | 5,127,000 | +21.5% |
1980 | 6,384,000 | +24.5% |
1990 | 8,154,400 | +27.7% |
2000 | 9,563,500 | +17.3% |
2010 | 10,547,000 | +10.3% |
2020 | 11,818,619 | +12.1% |
Source: National Institute of Statistics[9] and United Nations Statistics Division[10]
Vital statistics
[edit]Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1,000) | Crude death rate (per 1,000) | Natural change (per 1,000) | Crude migration rate (per 1,000) | Population growth (annual %) | Fertility rates | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1948 | 3,425,100 | 111,084 | 49,917 | 61,167 | 32.4 | 14.6 | 17.8 | |||
1949 | 3,489,400 | 92,439 | 35,409 | 57,030 | 26.5 | 10.1 | 16.4 | 2.0 | 1.877 | |
1950 | 3,530,000 | 106,235 | 33,648 | 72,587 | 30.1 | 9.5 | 20.6 | -9.1 | 1.164 | |
1951 | 3,596,000 | 119,981 | 33,935 | 86,046 | 33.4 | 9.4 | 24.0 | -5.6 | 1.870 | |
1952 | 3,662,000 | 105,469 | 30,676 | 74,793 | 28.8 | 8.4 | 20.4 | -2.4 | 1.835 | |
1953 | 3,727,000 | 116,638 | 31,116 | 85,522 | 31.3 | 8.3 | 23.0 | -5.6 | 1.775 | 6.90 |
1954 | 3,793,000 | 119,774 | 31,249 | 88,525 | 31.6 | 8.2 | 23.4 | -6.0 | 1.771 | |
1955 | 3,860,000 | 134,489 | 28,942 | 105,547 | 34.8 | 7.5 | 27.3 | -9.9 | 1.766 | |
1956 | 3,929,000 | 140,505 | 33,367 | 107,138 | 35.8 | 8.5 | 27.3 | -9.7 | 1.788 | |
1957 | 3,999,000 | 157,741 | 36,964 | 120,777 | 39.4 | 9.2 | 30.2 | -12.7 | 1.782 | |
1958 | 4,072,000 | 181,144 | 37,018 | 144,126 | 44.5 | 9.1 | 35.4 | -17.5 | 1.825 | 7.00 |
1959 | 4,145,000 | 184,209 | 41,737 | 142,472 | 44.4 | 10.1 | 34.3 | -16.7 | 1.793 | |
1960 | 4,220,701 | 182,221 | 42,064 | 140,157 | 43.2 | 10.0 | 33.2 | -15.3 | 1.826 | |
1961 | 4,297,000 | 184,396 | 45,437 | 138,959 | 42.9 | 10.6 | 32.3 | -14.5 | 1.808 | |
1962 | 4,376,000 | 181,861 | 49,200 | 132,661 | 41.6 | 11.2 | 30.4 | -12.3 | 1.838 | |
1963 | 4,457,000 | 187,395 | 45,415 | 141,980 | 42.0 | 10.2 | 31.8 | -13.6 | 1.851 | 7.21 |
1964 | 4,541,000 | 206,046 | 43,656 | 162,390 | 45.4 | 9.6 | 35.8 | -17.3 | 1.885 | |
1965 | 4,630,000 | 193,220 | 51,700 | 141,520 | 41.7 | 11.2 | 30.2 | -11.0 | 1.960 | |
1966 | 4,716,000 | 206,717 | 48,307 | 158,410 | 43.8 | 10.2 | 33.6 | -15.4 | 1.857 | 7.22 |
1967 | 4,819,000 | 187,320 | 49,387 | 137,933 | 38.9 | 10.2 | 28.7 | -7.3 | 2.184 | |
1968 | 4,920,000 | 188,190 | 46,712 | 141,478 | 38.3 | 9.5 | 28.8 | -8.3 | 2.096 | 6.86 |
1969 | 5,027,500 | 194,940 | 52,872 | 142,068 | 38.8 | 10.5 | 28.3 | -6.9 | 2.185 | |
1970 | 5,126,500 | 186,360 | 45,560 | 140,800 | 36.4 | 8.9 | 27.5 | -8.2 | 1.969 | 6.09 |
1971 | 5,228,400 | 183,311 | 48,625 | 134,686 | 35.1 | 9.3 | 25.8 | -7.3 | 1.988 | 6.00 |
1972 | 5,331,800 | 199,121 | 39,488 | 159,633 | 37.3 | 7.4 | 29.9 | -10.5 | 1.978 | |
1973 | 5,333,400 | 194,810 | 60,800 | 134,010 | 36.5 | 11.4 | 25.1 | -24.8 | 0.030 | 6.18 |
1974 | 5,463,700 | 194,600 | 54,700 | 139,900 | 35.6 | 10.0 | 25.6 | -1.8 | 2.443 | |
1975 | 5,611,400 | 205,390 | 41,172 | 164,218 | 36.6 | 7.3 | 29.3 | -3.0 | 2.703 | |
1976 | 5,774,900 | 208,040 | 37,028 | 171,012 | 36.0 | 6.4 | 29.6 | -1.3 | 2.914 | |
1977 | 5,928,300 | 220,546 | 36,272 | 184,274 | 37.2 | 6.1 | 31.1 | -5.2 | 2.656 | |
1978 | 6,067,100 | 207,342 | 34,885 | 172,457 | 34.2 | 5.7 | 28.5 | -5.6 | 2.341 | 5.14 |
1979 | 6,219,800 | 218,161 | 37,201 | 180,960 | 35.1 | 6.0 | 29.1 | -4.5 | 2.517 | 4.92 |
1980 | 6,392,300 | 225,165 | 36,445 | 188,720 | 35.2 | 5.7 | 29.5 | -2.5 | 2.773 | 4.51 |
1981 | 6,565,500 | 226,425 | 36,989 | 189,436 | 34.5 | 5.6 | 28.9 | -2.5 | 2.710 | |
1982 | 6,703,600 | 219,393 | 36,069 | 183,324 | 32.7 | 5.4 | 27.3 | -6.7 | 2.103 | |
1983 | 6,839,500 | 216,365 | 35,054 | 181,311 | 31.6 | 5.1 | 26.5 | 2.027 | -6.6 | 4.88 |
1984 | 7,033,900 | 227,052 | 33,740 | 193,312 | 32.3 | 4.8 | 27.5 | 0.1 | 2.842 | 4.66 |
1985 | 7,261,100 | 227,188 | 35,963 | 191,225 | 31.3 | 5.0 | 26.3 | 5.0 | 3.230 | 4.42 |
1986 | 7,464,900 | 234,736 | 35,467 | 199,269 | 31.4 | 4.8 | 26.6 | 0.7 | 2.807 | 4.39 |
1987 | 7,639,000 | 224,169 | 35,632 | 188,537 | 29.3 | 4.7 | 24.6 | -1.8 | 2.332 | 4.07 |
1988 | 7,769,900 | 215,069 | 34,984 | 180,085 | 27.7 | 4.5 | 23.2 | -6.4 | 1.714 | 3.78 |
1989 | 7,909,600 | 199,459 | 34,921 | 164,538 | 25.2 | 4.4 | 20.8 | -3.1 | 1.798 | 3.36 |
1990 | 8,154,400 | 205,315 | 45,700 | 159,615 | 25.2 | 5.6 | 19.6 | -10.4 | 3.095 | 3.35 |
1991 | 8,318,200 | 207,455 | 46,500 | 160,955 | 24.9 | 5.6 | 19.3 | 0.4 | 2.009 | 3.28 |
1992 | 8,489,900 | 211,649 | 46,300 | 165,349 | 24.9 | 5.5 | 19.5 | 0.7 | 2.064 | 3.25 |
1993 | 8,657,400 | 207,786 | 49,400 | 158,386 | 24.0 | 5.7 | 18.3 | 1.0 | 1.973 | 3.12 |
1994 | 8,815,300 | 200,223 | 50,300 | 149,923 | 22.7 | 5.7 | 17.0 | 0.9 | 1.824 | 2.90 |
1995 | 8,957,500 | 186,416 | 52,000 | 134,416 | 20.8 | 5.8 | 15.0 | 0.9 | 1.613 | 2.67 |
1996 | 9,089,300 | 178,801 | 49,800 | 129,001 | 19.7 | 5.5 | 14.2 | 0.3 | 1.471 | 2.51 |
1997 | 9,214,900 | 173,757 | 51,700 | 122,057 | 18.9 | 5.6 | 13.2 | 0.4 | 1.382 | 2.38 |
1998 | 9,333,300 | 166,718 | 52,300 | 114,418 | 17.9 | 5.6 | 12.3 | 0.4 | 1.285 | 2.23 |
1999 | 9,455,900 | 160,169 | 54,400 | 105,769 | 16.9 | 5.8 | 11.2 | 1.8 | 1.314 | 2.09 |
2000 | 9,552,500 | 163,089 | 53,700 | 109,389 | 17.1 | 5.6 | 11.5 | -1.3 | 1.022 | 2.08 |
2001 | 9,650,600 | 163,919 | 53,210 | 110,709 | 17.0 | 5.5 | 11.5 | -1.2 | 1.027 | 2.05 |
2002 | 9,748,900 | 163,011 | 57,048 | 105,963 | 16.7 | 5.9 | 10.9 | -0.7 | 1.019 | 2.00 |
2003 | 9,839,841 | 168,022 | 59,779 | 108,243 | 17.1 | 6.1 | 11.0 | -1.8 | 0.933 | 2.06 |
2004 | 9,932,431 | 166,551 | 59,234 | 107,317 | 16.8 | 6.0 | 10.8 | -1.5 | 0.941 | 2.02 |
2005 | 10,038,508 | 170,999 | 58,673 | 112,326 | 17.0 | 5.8 | 11.2 | -1.6 | 0.973 | 2.04 |
2006 | 10,141,800 | 173,390 | 56,998 | 116,392 | 17.1 | 5.6 | 11.5 | -1.7 | 0.985 | 2.03 |
2007 | 10,225,200 | 177,503 | 56,743 | 120,760 | 17.4 | 5.5 | 11.8 | -2.3 | 0.961 | 2.04 |
2008 | 10,328,700 | 182,990 | 59,975 | 123,015 | 17.7 | 5.8 | 11.9 | -1.9 | 1.012 | 2.06 |
2009 | 10,458,095 | 198,010 | 59,499 | 138,511 | 18.9 | 5.7 | 13.2 | -1.9 | 1.253 | 2.05 |
2010 | 10,477,321 | 204,288 | 53,780 | 150,508 | 19.5 | 5.1 | 14.4 | -2.7 | 1.029 | 2.13 |
2011 | 10,610,629 | 206,403 | 59,930 | 146,473 | 19.5 | 5.6 | 13.8 | -2.7 | 1.029 | 2.29 |
2012 | 10,748,166 | 217,738 | 63,260 | 154,478 | 20.3 | 5.9 | 14.4 | -4.1 | 1.029 | 2.39 |
2013 | 10,880,853 | 222,962 | 61,730 | 161,232 | 20.5 | 5.7 | 14.8 | -4.6 | 1.029 | 2.43 |
2014 | 11,017,049 | 225,887 | 62,790 | 163,097 | 20.5 | 5.7 | 14.8 | -4.2 | 1.076 | 2.46 |
2015 | 11,158,628 | 222,534 | 69,644 | 152,890 | 19.9 | 6.2 | 13.7 | -0.2 | 1.364 | 2.42 |
2016 | 11,292,778 | 219,441 | 66,298 | 153,143 | 19.4 | 5.9 | 13.6 | -1.0 | 1.270 | 2.40 |
2017 | 11,418,218 | 209,474 | 74,002 | 135,472 | 18.3 | 6.5 | 11.9 | -0.3 | 1.155 | 2.29 |
2018 | 11,532,078 | 202,693 | 72,716 | 129,977 | 17.6 | 6.3 | 11.3 | -2.8 | 0.849 | 2.23 |
2019 | 11,638,066 | 195,823 | 76,091 | 119,732 | 16.8 | 6.5 | 10.3 | -1.2 | 0.919 | 2.17 |
2020 | 11,726,178 | 174,116 | 79,891 | 94,225 | 14.8 | 6.8 | 8.0 | -0.5 | 0.757 | 1.96 |
2021 | 11,783,723 | 160,268 | 107,006 | 53,262 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 0.491 | 1.82 |
2022 | 11,826,910 | 147,978 | 81,334 | 66,644 | 12.5 | 6.9 | 5.6 | -2.2 | 0.366 | 1.70 |
2023 | 11,887,412 |
Current vital statistics
[edit]This section needs to be updated.(October 2024) |
Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
---|---|---|---|
January - November 2022 | 136,113 | 70,401 | +65,712 |
January - November 2023 | 123,840 | 65,525 | +58,315 |
Difference | -12,273 (-9.02%) | -4,876 (-6.93%) | -7,397 |
Regional data
[edit]Rang | governorate | Population (2023) | Density (2014) (hab./km) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tunis | 1,078,412 | 3,053 | |
2 | Sfax | 1,028,364 | 127 | |
3 | Nabeul | 873,824 | 283 | |
4 | Sousse | 753,670 | 253 | |
5 | Ben Arous | 721,956 | 830 | |
6 | Ariana | 674,025 | 1,195 | |
7 | Monastir | 611,118 | 539 | |
8 | Kairouan | 601,915 | 85 | |
9 | Bizerte | 600,012 | 154 | |
10 | Médenine | 522,294 | 56 | |
11 | Kasserine | 465,832 | 54 | |
12 | Sidi Bouzid | 459,891 | 61 | |
13 | Mahdia | 448,273 | 139 | |
14 | Manouba | 426,525 | 334 | |
15 | Gabès | 407,078 | 52 | |
16 | Jendouba | 405,167 | 129 | |
17 | Gafsa | 355,341 | 38 | |
18 | Béja | 308,710 | 85 | |
19 | Kef | 247,741 | 49 | |
20 | Siliana | 229,153 | 48 | |
21 | Zaghouan | 191,066 | 64 | |
22 | Kébili | 171,478 | 7 | |
23 | Tataouine | 152,069 | 4 | |
24 | Tozeur | 116,316 | 23 | |
Source : Institut national de la statistique[12] |
Structure of the population
[edit]Age Group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 5 472 333 | 5 510 420 | 10 982 753 | 100 |
0–4 | 505 509 | 466 662 | 972 171 | 8.85 |
5–9 | 440 644 | 408 362 | 849 006 | 7.73 |
10–14 | 407 938 | 381 684 | 789 622 | 7.19 |
15–19 | 421 716 | 405 792 | 827 508 | 7.53 |
20–24 | 459 814 | 465 595 | 925 409 | 8.43 |
25–29 | 449 932 | 484 685 | 934 617 | 8.51 |
30–34 | 477 322 | 506 459 | 983 781 | 8.96 |
35–39 | 397 594 | 419 392 | 816 986 | 7.44 |
40–44 | 357 353 | 370 495 | 727 848 | 6.63 |
45–49 | 331 283 | 351 673 | 682 956 | 6.22 |
50–54 | 324 423 | 326 185 | 650 608 | 5.92 |
55–59 | 268 380 | 266 788 | 535 168 | 4.87 |
60–64 | 212 900 | 212 524 | 425 424 | 3.87 |
65–69 | 127 168 | 135 135 | 262 303 | 2.39 |
70–74 | 107 097 | 113 584 | 220 681 | 2.01 |
75–79 | 81 732 | 85 164 | 166 896 | 1.52 |
80+ | 101 528 | 110 241 | 211 769 | 1.93 |
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 1 354 091 | 1 256 708 | 2 610 799 | 23.77 |
15–64 | 3 700 717 | 3 809 588 | 7 510 305 | 68.38 |
65+ | 417 525 | 444 124 | 861 649 | 7.85 |
Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 5 845 771 | 5 937 951 | 11 783 722 | 100 |
0–4 | 926 069 | 7.86 | ||
5–9 | 1 070 239 | 9.08 | ||
10–14 | 944 533 | 8.02 | ||
15–19 | 805 973 | 6.84 | ||
20–24 | 769 307 | 6.53 | ||
25–29 | 845 867 | 7.18 | ||
30–34 | 862 847 | 7.32 | ||
35–39 | 900 584 | 7.64 | ||
40–44 | 858 461 | 7.29 | ||
45–49 | 780 961 | 6.63 | ||
50–54 | 680 158 | 5.77 | ||
55–59 | 665 392 | 5.65 | ||
60–64 | 544 471 | 4.62 | ||
65-69 | 461 708 | 3.92 | ||
70-74 | 286 317 | 2.43 | ||
75-79 | 181 675 | 1.54 | ||
80+ | 199 161 | 1.69 | ||
Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
0–14 | 2 940 841 | 24.96 | ||
15–64 | 7 714 020 | 65.46 | ||
65+ | 1 128 861 | 9.58 |
Ethnic groups
[edit]The majority of the population of Tunisia is made up of Arabs (98% of the population).[2] The first people known to history in what is now Tunisia were the Berbers, who currently make up 1% of the population, and were ultimately conquered by the Arabs in the 7th century.[3] There was a continuing inflow of nomadic Arab tribes to the Maghreb from the Arabian Peninsula since the 7th century with a major wave in the 11th century.[15]
Whilst the Ottoman influence has been particularly significant in forming the Turco-Tunisian community, other peoples have also migrated to Tunisia during different periods of time, including Sub-Saharan Africans, Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians (Punics), Jews, and French settlers. The Tunisian, by 1870 the distinction between the Arabic-speaking mass and the Turkish elite had blurred.[16] There is also a small Berber (1% at most)[4] population located in the Dahar mountains and on the island of Djerba in the south-east and in the Khroumire mountainous region in the north-west.
From the late 19th century to after World War II, Tunisia was home to large populations of French and Italians (255,000 Europeans in 1956),[17] although nearly all of them, along with the Jewish population, left after Tunisia became independent. The history of the Jews in Tunisia goes back some 2,000 years. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105,000, but by 2013 only about 900 remained.[18]
After the Reconquista and expulsion of non-Christians and Moriscos from Spain, many Spanish Muslims and Jews also arrived. According to Matthew Carr, "As many as eighty thousand Moriscos settled in Tunisia, most of them in and around the capital, Tunis, which still contains a quarter known as Zuqaq al-Andalus, or Andalusia Alley."[19]
Genetics
[edit]Tunisians mainly carry haplogroup J1 (34.2%) and haplogroup E (55%).[21][22][23]
"In fact, the Tunisian genetic distances to European samples are smaller than those to North African groups. (...) This could be explained by the history of the Tunisian population, reflecting the influence of the ancient Punic settlers of Carthage followed, among others, by Roman, Byzantine, Arab and French occupations, according to historical records. Notwithstanding, other explanations cannot be discarded, such as the relative heterogeneity within current Tunisian populations, and/or the limited sub-Saharan genetic influence in this region as compared with other North African areas, without excluding the possibility of the genetic drift, whose effect might be particularly amplified on the X chromosome.",[24][25]
However, later research has suggested instead that Tunisians exhibit a mostly indigenous North African ancestral component similar to other Northwest African populations; characterized by a high amount of native Northwest African genes, but with higher Middle Eastern input than in Algeria or Morocco.[26]
Y-Chromosome
[edit]Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Tunisia.[27]
Haplogroup | Marker | Tunisia |
---|---|---|
n | 601 | |
B | ||
E1a | M33 | |
E1b1a | M2 | |
E1b1b1 | M35 | |
E1b1b1a3 | V22 | |
E1b1b1a4 | V65 | |
E1b1b1b | M81 | |
E1b1b1c | M34 | |
F | M89 | |
G | M201 | |
I | ||
J1 | ||
J2 | ||
K | ||
P,R | ||
R1a1 | ||
R1b1a | V88 | |
R1b1b | M269 | |
T | M70 |
Migration
[edit]Detailed article : Tunisian diaspora
Country of origin | 2020 |
---|---|
Algeria | 11,060 |
Libya | 9,688 |
France | 9,151 |
Morocco | 6,146 |
Italy | 2,345 |
Germany | 1,537 |
Syria | 1,382 |
Egypt | 1,206 |
Mali | 1,058 |
Total | 60,415' |
Other demographic statistics
[edit]The following demographic statistics of Tunisia in 2022 are from the World Population Review.[29]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.[1]
Population
[edit]11,896,972 (2022 est.)
Religions
[edit]Muslim (official; Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) <1%
Age structure
[edit]- 0-14 years: 25.28% (male 1,529,834/female 1,433,357)
- 15-24 years: 12.9% (male 766,331/female 745,888)
- 25-54 years: 42.85% (male 2,445,751/female 2,576,335)
- 55-64 years: 10.12% (male 587,481/female 598,140)
- 65 years and over: 8.86% (male 491,602/female 546,458) (2020 est.)
Birth rate
[edit]- 14.62 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 119th
Death rate
[edit]- 6.36 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 143rd
- 1.96 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 113th
- 2 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 108th
- 2.03 children born/woman (2021 est.)
Contraceptive prevalence rate
[edit]- 50.7% (2018 est.)
Population growth rate
[edit]- 0.69% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 129th
- 0.75% (2021 est.)
Median age
[edit]- total: 32.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 107th
- male: 32 years
- female: 33.3 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
[edit]- -1.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 154th
- -1.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
- -1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
- -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
Urbanization
[edit]- urban population: 70.2% of total population (2022)
- rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- Urban population: 69.9% of total population (2021)
- Rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
[edit]- 7.3% of GDP (2016) Country comparison to the world: 18th
Sex ratio
[edit]- At birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
- 0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
- 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
- 25-54 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
- 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2020 est.)
Infant mortality rate
[edit]- Total: 12.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)
- Male: 13.67 deaths/1,000 live births
- Female: 10.57 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth
[edit]- Total population: 76.57 years (2021 est.)
- Male: 74.88 years
- Female: 78.36 years
Nationality
[edit]- noun: Tunisian(s)
- adjective: Tunisian
Ethnic groups
[edit]Languages
[edit]- Modern Standard Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce and education)[30]
- Tunisian Arabic (local dialect of Arabic, everyday use)[31]
- French (commerce and education)[30]
- Berber (minority language spoken by <1% of the population)[32][30]
Literacy
[edit]definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
81.8%
male:
89.6%
female:
74.2% (2015 est.)
The literacy rate among the Tunisian population increased greatly after its independence from France. According to the 1996 census data,[33] the literacy rate of the last generation of Tunisian men educated under the French rule (those born 1945–49) was less than 65%. For the first generation educated after independence (born 1950–1954), literacy in Arabic among males had increased to nearly 80%. (Sixty-two percent were also literate in French and 15 percent literate in English). Among the youngest generation included in the census (those born 1980–1984), 96.6% were literate in Arabic.
Among Tunisian women, the increase in literacy was even greater. The literacy rate among the last generation of women educated under the French was less than 30%. In the first generation educated after independence, this increased to just over 40%. For the youngest generation of women cited (born 1980–1984), literacy in Arabic had increased to slightly over 90%; over 70% of women were also literate in French.[34]
Life expectancy
[edit]- total population: 76.82 years. Country comparison to the world: 99th
- male: 75.14 years
- female: 78.6 years (2022 est.)
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
---|---|---|---|
1950–1955 | 38.8 | 1985–1990 | 67.1 |
1955–1960 | 40.7 | 1990–1995 | 70.3 |
1960–1965 | 43.7 | 1995–2000 | 72.4 |
1965–1970 | 48.3 | 2000–2005 | 73.7 |
1970–1975 | 54.1 | 2005–2010 | 74.6 |
1975–1980 | 59.4 | 2010–2015 | 75.0 |
1980–1985 | 64.3 |
Source: UN World Population Prospects[35]
Literacy
[edit]definition: age 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 81.8%
- male: 89.6%
- female: 74.2% (2015)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
[edit]- total: 15 years
- male: 14 years
- female: 16 years (2016)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
[edit]- total: 34.9%
- male: 33.8%
- female: 37.2% (2017 est.)
References
[edit]- ^ a b Tunisia: People, CIA World Factbook, 2018 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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- ^ a b International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Tunisia. United States Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (14 September 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "National Institute of Statistics – Tunisia". Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
- ^ "United Nations Statistics Division –". United Nations Statistics Division. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "Statistics Monthly Bulletin, August 2021". Statistiques Tunisie. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
- ^ Institut national de la statistique
- ^ Division, United Nations Statistics. "UNSD—Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
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- ^ Green, Arnold H. (1978), The Tunisian Ulama 1873–1915: Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents, BRILL, p. 69, ISBN 978-90-04-05687-9
- ^ Angus Maddison (20 September 2007). Contours of the World Economy 1–2030 AD:Essays in Macro-Economic History: Essays in Macro-Economic History. OUP Oxford. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-19-922721-1. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
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- ^ Carr, Matthew (2009). Blood and faith: the purging of Muslim Spain. The New Press. p. 290. ISBN 978-1-59558-361-1.
- ^ Singh, Sakshi; Singh, Ashish; Rajkumar, Raja; Sampath Kumar, Katakam; Kadarkarai Samy, Subburaj; Nizamuddin, Sheikh; Singh, Amita; Ahmed Sheikh, Shahnawaz; Peddada, Vidya; Khanna, Vinee; Veeraiah, Pandichelvam; Pandit, Aridaman; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Singh, Lalji; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy (12 January 2016). "Dissecting the influence of Neolithic demic diffusion on Indian Y-chromosome pool through J2-M172 haplogroup". Scientific Reports. 6: 19157. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619157S. doi:10.1038/srep19157. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4709632. PMID 26754573.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Cruciani, Fulvio; et al. (May 2004). "Phylogeographic Analysis of Haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y Chromosomes Reveals Multiple Migratory Events Within and Out Of Africa". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 1014–1022. doi:10.1086/386294. PMC 1181964. PMID 15042509.
- ^ Tej K. Bhatia; William C. Ritchie (2006). The Handbook of Bilingualism. John Wiley & Sons. p. 860. ISBN 978-0631227359. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
- ^ The X chromosome Alu insertions as a tool for human population genetics: data from European and African human groups, Athanasiadis et al. 2007
- ^ Tomas C, Sanchez JJ, Barbaro A, et al. (2008). "X-chromosome SNP analyses in 11 human Mediterranean populations show a high overall genetic homogeneity except in North-west Africans (Moroccans)". BMC Evol. Biol. 8 (1): 75. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8...75T. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-75. PMC 2315647. PMID 18312628.
Tunisians did not show a significant level of differentiation with northern populations as mentioned by others
- ^ Benammar-Elgaaïed, Amel; Larruga, José M.; Cabrera, Vicente M.; Mahmoudi, Hejer Abdallah El; González, Ana M.; Khodjet-El-Khil, Houssein; Fregel, Rosa; Ennafaa, Hajer (2011). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome microstructure in Tunisia". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (10): 734–741. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.92. PMID 21833004.
- ^ Bekada, A; Fregel, R; Cabrera, VM; Larruga, JM; Pestano, J; et al. (2013). "Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): e56775. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...856775B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775. PMC 3576335. PMID 23431392.
- ^ "International Migrant Stock | Population Division".
- ^ "Tunisia Population 2022", World Population Review, 2022
- ^ a b c d "Africa :: TUNISIA". CIA The World Factbook. 28 March 2023.
- ^ Arabic, Tunisian Spoken. Ethnologue (19 February 1999). Retrieved on 5 September 2015.
- ^ "What Languages Are Spoken In Tunisia?". WorldAtlas. 25 April 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ^ As , Walters Keith (2003). "Fergie's prescience: the changing nature of diglossia in Tunisia". International Journal of the Society of Language. 2003 (163): 85–87. doi:10.1515/ijsl.2003.048. S2CID 52215123.
- ^ The children born in the early 1980s had not yet begun English instruction by the time of the 1996 census, so no literacy rate in English is given. However, the children born between 1970–74 (who had completed their education) had a literacy in English of 20%. It's highly likely that the younger generation's literacy in English was even higher at the conclusion of their schooling. Walters 86.
- ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 15 July 2017.