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List of electoral systems by country

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of electoral systems by country in alphabetical order. An electoral system is used to elect national legislatures and heads of state.

Maps

[edit]

Head of state

Lower house or unicameral legislature

Upper house
  Election by legislature
  Election by electoral college
  Not elected (mostly monarchies)
  In transition
  No information
Single-member constituencies:

Multi-member constituencies, majoritarian:

  Block voting (BV) or mixed FPTP and BV
  Party block voting (PBV) or mixed FPTP and PBV
  Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) or mixed FPTP and SNTV
  Modified Borda count

Multi-member constituencies, proportional:

  Party-list proportional representation (party-list PR, closed list)
  Party-list proportional representation (party-list PR, open list for some parties)
  Party-list proportional representation (party-list PR, open list)
  Panachage (party-list PR, free list)
  Personalised proportional representation (party-list PR and FPTP)

Mixed majoritarian and proportional:

  Additional member system (party-list PR and FPTP seat linkage mixed system) (less proportional implementation of of MMP)
  Parallel voting / mixed member majoritarian (party-list PR and FPTP)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and TRS)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and BV or PBV)
  Vote linkage mixed system or limited Seat linkage mixed system (party-list PR and FPTP) ((partially compensatory semi-proportional implementation of of MMP) (party-list PR and FPTP)
  Majority bonus system (non-compensatory)
  Majority jackpot system (compensatory)

No relevant electoral system information:

  No elections
  Varies by state
  No information
Single-member constituencies:

Multi-member constituencies, majoritarian:

  Block voting (BV) or mixed FPTP and BV
  Party block voting (PBV) or mixed FPTP and PBV
  Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) or mixed FPTP and SNTV
  Mixed BV and SNTV

Multi-member constituencies, proportional:

  Party-list proportional representation (party-list PR, closed list)
  Party-list proportional representation (party-list PR, open list)
  Party-list proportional representation (party-list PR, partially-open list)
  Partially party-list proportional representation (party-list PR, closed list)

Mixed majoritarian and proportional:

  Parallel voting / Mixed-member majoritarian (party-list PR and FPTP)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and BV or PBV)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and SNTV)

Other:

  Varies by federal states, or constituency

Indirect election:

  Election by electoral college or local/regional legislatures
  Partly elected by electoral college or local/regional legislatures and appointed by head of state
  Partly elected by electoral college or local/regional legislatures, partly elected in single-member districts by FPTP, and partly appointed by head of state

No relevant electoral system information:

  No elections
  Appointed by head of state
  No information / In transition

Electoral systems by country

[edit]

Democracies and hybrid regimes

[edit]
Country Body or office Type of body or office Electoral system Notes
Albania President Head of state Elected by the Parliament
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Algeria President Head of state Two-round system
Council of the Nation Upper chamber of legislature
  • Indirectly elected (2/3)
  • Appointed by the President (1/3)
People's National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Andorra Co-Princes Head of state
General Council Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Angola President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Antigua and Barbuda King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Argentina President Head of State and Government Two-round system 45% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Limited voting Limited voting with party-lists: 2 seats to most voted party or coalition in each province, 1 seat to second most voted party or coalition (limited vote with closed lists)
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation (MMDs with DM 5 to 70)
Armenia President Head of State Appointed by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation with majority bonus system
Australia King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Single transferable vote
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Instant-runoff voting
Austria President Head of State Two-round system
Federal Council Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by federal states' legislatures
National Council Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Bahamas King Head of State Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General
House of Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Bangladesh President Head of State Elected by the Jatiya Sangsad
Jatiya Sangsad Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Barbados President Head of State Elected by the Parliament
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the President
House of Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Belgium King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by regional parliaments (50 seats)
  • Elected by the Senate (10 seats)
Chamber of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Belize King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Benin President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Bhutan King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
National Council Upper chamber of legislature
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Bolivia President Head of State and Government Two-round system 50% of the vote, or 40% of the vote and a 10% lead over the second candidate
Chamber of Senators Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Mixed-member proportional representation
Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency Heads of State First-past-the-post
House of Peoples Upper chamber of legislature Elected by entities legislatures
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Botswana President Head of State and Government Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Brazil President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Bulgaria President Head of State Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Burundi President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by communal councilors (36 seats)
  • Appointed by the National Electoral Commission for the Twa (3 seats)
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Canada King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor General
House of Commons Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Cape Verde President Head of State Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Chile President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Colombia President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Chamber of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Cook Islands King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Parliament Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Costa Rica President Head of State and Government Two-round system 40% of the vote to win in the first round
Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Croatia President Head of State Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Cyprus President Head of State and Government Two-round system
House of Representatives Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Czech Republic President Head of State Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Denmark King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Folketing Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Dominica President Head of state Elected by the House of Assembly
House of Assembly Unicameral legislature
Dominican Republic President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
East Timor President Head of State Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Ecuador President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Congress Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
El Salvador President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Estonia President Head of State Elected by the Riigikogu
Riigikogu Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Fiji President Head of state Elected by the Parliament
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Finland President Head of State Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
France President Head of State Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by local councillors
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Gabon Currently no elections are held
Georgia President Head of State Elected by electoral college[1]
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Germany President Head of State Elected by the Bundestag and State delegates
Bundesrat Upper chamber of legislature Elected by State Governments
Bundestag Lower chamber of legislature Mixed-member proportional representation
Greece President Head of State Elected by the Hellenic Parliament
Hellenic Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation with majority bonus system
Grenada King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Guatemala President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Congress of the Republic Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Guyana President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Honduras President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Congress Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Hungary President Head of State Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Mixed-member majoritarian: 106 FPTP + 93 national list-PR (combination of partially compensatory system)[2]
Iceland President Head of State First-past-the-post
Alþing Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
India President Head of state Elected by the electoral college consisting Parliament and state legislative assemblies
Rajya Sabha Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by state legislative assemblies (233 seats)
  • Appointed by the President (12 seats)
Lok Sabha Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Indonesia President Head of State and Government Two-round system Some areas use the noken system
Regional Representative Council Upper chamber of legislature Single non-transferable vote
People's Representative Council Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Iraq President Head of state Elected by the Council of Representatives
Council of Representatives Unicameral legislature Single non-transferable vote
Ireland President Head of State Instant-runoff voting
Seanad Éireann Upper chamber of legislature
Dáil Éireann Lower chamber of legislature Single transferable vote
Israel President Head of State Elected by the Knesset
Knesset Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Italy President Head of State Elected by the Italian Parliament and regional councils
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Mixed-member majoritarian:
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Mixed-member majoritarian:
Ivory Coast President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by regional councils (66 seats)
  • Appointed by the President (33 seats)
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Jamaica King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Japan Emperor Head of State Hereditary monarchy
House of Councillors Upper chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Jordan King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the King
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Kenya President Head of State and Government Two-round system 50% of the vote and 25% of the vote in 24 counties
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature
Kiribati President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
House of Assembly Unicameral legislature
Kyrgyzstan President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Supreme Council Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Latvia President Head of state Elected by the Saeima
Saeima Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Lebanon President Head of state Elected by the Parliament
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Lesotho King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Hereditary tribal chiefs (22 seats)
  • Appointed by the King (11 seats)
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Mixed-member proportional representation
Liberia President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Liechtenstein Prince Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Landtag Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Lithuania President Head of State Two-round system
Seimas Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Luxembourg Grand Duke Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Chamber of Deputies Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Madagascar President Head of State Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by the electoral colleges of the provinces (12 seats)
  • Appointed by the President (6 seats)
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Malawi President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong Head of State Elective monarchy
Dewan Negara Upper chamber of legislature
Dewan Rakyat Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Maldives President Head of State and Government Two-round system
People's Majlis Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Malta President Head of state Elected by the House of Representatives
House of Representatives Unicameral legislature Single transferable vote
Marshall Islands President Head of State and Government Elected by the Legislature
Legislature Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Mauritania President Head of State Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature
Mauritius President Head of State Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature
Mexico President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
Chamber of Deputies Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Micronesia President Head of State and Government Elected by the Congress
Congress Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Moldova President Head of State Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Monaco Prince Head of state Hereditary monarchy
National Council Unicameral legislature
Mongolia President Head of State Two-round system
State Great Khural Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Montenegro President Head of State Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Morocco King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
House of Councillors Upper chamber of legislature Elected by regions
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Mozambique President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Namibia President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Council Upper chamber of legislature Elected by regional councils
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature
Nauru President Head of State and Government Elected by the Parliament
Parliament Unicameral legislature Dowdall system
Nepal President Head of state Elected by the electoral college consisting Parliament and the provincial assemblies
National Assembly Upper chamber of legislature Elected by provincial assemblies
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Netherlands King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by provincial councils
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
New Zealand King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Parliament Unicameral legislature Mixed-member proportional representation
Nigeria President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
House of Representatives Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Niue King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Assembly Unicameral legislature
North Macedonia President Head of State Two-round system
Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Norway King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Storting Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Pakistan President Head of state Elected by the electoral college consisting Parliament and provincial assemblies
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by provincial assemblies
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Palau President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Plurality block voting
House of Delegates Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Panama President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature
Papua New Guinea King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
National Parliament Unicameral legislature Instant runoff voting
Paraguay President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Peru President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Congress Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Philippines President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Plurality block voting
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Poland President Head of State Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Sejm Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Portugal President Head of State Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Romania President Head of State Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Saint Kitts and Nevis King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Saint Lucia King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor-General
House of Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
House of Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Samoa O le Ao o le Malo Head of state Elected by the Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
San Marino Captains Regent Head of state Elected by the Grand and General Council
Grand and General Council Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation with majority bonus system
São Tomé and Príncipe President Head of State Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Senegal President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Serbia President Head of State Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Seychelles President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Sierra Leone President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature
Singapore President Head of State First-past-the-post
Parliament Unicameral legislature
Slovakia President Head of State Two-round system
National Council Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Slovenia President Head of State Two-round system
National Council Upper chamber of legislature Elected by groups of experts
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Solomon Islands King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
National Parliament Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
South Africa President Head of State and Government Elected by the National Assembly
National Council of Provinces Upper chamber of legislature Elected by the Provinces' Legislatures
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
South Korea President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Combination of parallel voting and additional member system: FPTP (253 seats) / AMS party list (30 seats) / parallel party list (closed lists: modified Hare quota largest remainder method) (17 seats)
Spain King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
Congress of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Sri Lanka President Head of State and Government Instant-runoff voting
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Suriname President Head of State and Government Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Sweden King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Riksdag Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Switzerland President Head of State and Government Elected by the Federal Assembly
Council of States Upper chamber of legislature
National Council Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Taiwan President Head of State First-past-the-post
Legislative Yuan Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Tanzania President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Thailand King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by groups of experts
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Tonga King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Trinidad and Tobago President Head of state Elected by all members of the Senate and House of Representatives
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the President
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Tunisia President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Council of Regions and Districts Upper chamber legislature Elected by the regional and district councils
Assembly of the Representatives of the People Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Turkey President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Grand National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Tuvalu King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Parliament Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Uganda President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Ukraine President Head of State Two-round system
Verkhovna Rada Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
United Kingdom King Head of state Hereditary monarchy
House of Lords Upper chamber of legislature
House of Commons Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
United States President Head of State and Government Elected by the electoral college
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature
Uruguay President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Chamber of Senators Upper chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Chamber of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Vanuatu President Head of state Elected by the Parliament and the presidents of Regional Councils
Parliament Unicameral legislature Single non-transferable vote
Vatican City Pope Head of State Elective monarchy
Zambia President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post

Authoritarian regimes

[edit]

According to the Economist Democracy Index 2023 on electoral process and pluralism. These countries have no elections or sham elections.

Country Body or office Type of body or office Electoral system Notes
Afghanistan Currently no elections are held
Azerbaijan President Head of State First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Bahrain King Head of State Hereditary monarchy
Consultative Council Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the King
Council of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Belarus President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Council of Republic Upper chamber of legislature Elected by regional councils
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Brunei Currently no elections are held
Burkina Faso Currently no elections are held
Burundi President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by communal councilors (36 seats)
  • Appointed by the National Electoral Commission for the Twa (3 seats)
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Cambodia King Head of State Elective monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Cameroon President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by municipal councils (70 seats)
  • Appointed by the President (30 seats)
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature
Central African Republic President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Chad Currently no elections are held
China Currently no elections are held
Comoros President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Assembly of the Union Unicameral legislature Two-round system
Democratic Republic of the Congo President Head of State First-past-the-post
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature
Republic of the Congo President Head of State Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by regional councils
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Cuba President Head of state Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly of People's Power Unicameral legislature Two-round system
Djibouti President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Mixed-member majoritarian:
East Timor President Head of State Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Ecuador President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Congress Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Egypt President Head of State Two-round system
House of Representatives Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Equatorial Guinea President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
Chamber of People's Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Eritrea Currently no elections are held
Eswatini Ngwenyama Head of State Hereditary monarchy
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
House of Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Ethiopia President Head of State Elected by the Federal Parliamentary Assembly
House of Federation Upper chamber of legislature Elected by the State Councils
House of Peoples' Representatives Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
Gabon Currently no elections are held
Guinea Currently no elections are held
Guinea-Bissau President Head of State Two-round system
National People's Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Haiti President Head of State Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Iran Supreme Leader Head of State Elected by the Assembly of Experts
President Head of Government Two-round system
Islamic Consultative Assembly Unicameral legislature
Assembly of Experts Electoral College
Kuwait Emir Head of state Hereditary monarchy
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Single non-transferable vote
Laos President Head of state Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Libya Currently no elections are held
Mali Currently no elections are held
Mauritania President Head of State Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature
Mozambique President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Myanmar Currently no elections are held
Nicaragua President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Niger Currently no elections are held
North Korea Supreme People's Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Oman Sultan Head of State and Government Hereditary monarchy
Council of State Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Sultan
Consultative Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Single non-transferable vote
Qatar Emir Head of state Hereditary monarchy
Consultative Assembly Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Russia President Head of State Two-round system
Federation Council Upper chamber of legislature Elected by federal subjects' legislatures
State Duma Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Rwanda President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by provincial councils (12 seats)
  • Appointed by the President (8 seats)
Chamber of Deputies Lower chamber of legislature
Saudi Arabia Currently no elections are held
South Sudan Currently no elections are held
Sudan Currently no elections are held
Suriname President Head of State and Government Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Syria President Head of State and Government Two-round system
People's Council Unicameral legislature Party block voting
Tajikistan President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by deputies of local majlisi (25 seats)
  • Appointed by the President (8 seats)
Assembly of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:
Togo President Head of State and Government Two-round system
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Turkmenistan President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Assembly Unicameral of legislature First-past-the-post
Uzbekistan President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
  • Elected by members of local councils (84 seats)
  • Appointed by the President (16 seats)
Legislative Chamber Lower chamber of legislature Two-round system
Vatican City Pope Head of State Elective monarchy
Venezuela President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Vietnam President Head of State Elected by the National Assembly
National Assembly Unicameral legislature Two-round system
Yemen Currently no elections are held
Zimbabwe President Head of State and Government Two-round system
Senate Upper chamber of legislature
National Assembly Lower chamber of legislature Parallel voting:

Countries with limited recognition

[edit]
Country Body or office Type of body or office Electoral system Notes
Abkhazia President Head of State Two-round system
People's Assembly Unicameral legislature Two-round system
Kosovo President Head of State Elected by the Assembly
Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Northern Cyprus President Head of State Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic President Head of State Elected by the Congress of the Polisario Front
Sahrawi National Council Unicameral legislature Single non-transferable vote
South Ossetia President Head of State Two-round system
Parliament Unicameral legislature Parallel voting:
Somaliland President Head of State and Government First-past-the-post
House of Elders Upper chamber of legislature Currently no system defined
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature Party-list proportional representation
Transnistria President Head of State Two-round system
Supreme Council Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post

Colonies and dependencies

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Country Body or office Type of body or office Electoral system Notes
Alderney States Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
American Samoa Senate Upper chamber of legislature Elected by county councils
House of Representatives Lower chamber of legislature
Anguilla House of Assembly Unicameral legislature
Ascension Island Council Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Bermuda Senate Upper chamber of legislature Appointed by the Governor
House of Assembly Lower chamber of legislature First-past-the-post
British Virgin Islands House of Assembly Unicameral legislature
Cayman Islands Parliament Unicameral legislature First-past-the-post
Falkland Islands Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
French Polynesia Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Gibraltar Parliament Unicameral legislature Limited plurality block voting
Guam Legislature Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Guernsey States of Deliberation Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Hong Kong Legislative Council Unicameral legislature
Isle of Man Legislative Council Upper chamber of legislature
House of Keys Lower chamber of legislature Plurality block voting
Jersey States Assembly Unicameral legislature
Macau Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature
Montserrat Legislative Assembly Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
New Caledonia Congress Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation
Northern Mariana Islands Senate Upper chamber legislature
House of Representatives Lower chamber legislature
Pitcairn Islands Island Council Unicameral legislature
Puerto Rico Senate Upper chamber legislature Parallel voting:
House of Representatives Lower chamber legislature Parallel voting:
Saint Barthélemy Territorial Council Unicameral legislature Two-round party-list proportional representation with majority bonus system
Saint Helena Legislative Council Unicameral legislature
Saint Martin Territorial Council Unicameral legislature Two-round party-list proportional representation with majority bonus system
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Territorial Council Unicameral legislature Two-round party-list proportional representation with majority bonus system
Sark Chief Pleas Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Tokelau General Fono Unicameral legislature
Tristan da Cunha Island Council Unicameral legislature Plurality block voting
Turks and Caicos Islands House of Assembly Unicameral legislature
U.S. Virgin Islands Legislature Unicameral legislature
Wallis and Futuna Territorial Assembly Unicameral legislature Party-list proportional representation

References

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  1. ^ "New Constitution Enters into Force". Civil Georgia. 2018-12-17. Retrieved 2024-10-23.
  2. ^ "2011. évi CCIII. Törvény az országgyűlési képviselők választásáról - Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye" (in Hungarian).
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