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1780s

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Storming of the BastilleRobert brothersGeorge Washington1783 Laki EruptionU.S. ConstitutionMontgolfier brothersThe Iron BridgeUranus
From top left, clockwise: The fall of the Bastille propelled the start of the French Revolutionary War, a war that will eventually influence global politics by the birth of democracy in governments, and conceive the idea of republicanism worldwide; The first hydrogen balloons flew successfully this decade by Jacques Charles and Nicolas-Louis Robert; George Washington becomes president of the United States of America. His ascension into office marked him as America's first president; The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia, formally ending the American Revolutionary War against the United Kingdom; Uranus is discovered in 1781 by William Herschel, further expanding the global scientific consensuses and understanding on the Solar System, recognizing it as the seventh planet from the Sun; The Iron Bridge opens, making it the world's very first bridge made out of cast iron, ushering in the preliminary wave of the Industrial Revolution; The Montgolfier brothers manned the world's first hot-air balloon, which stayed afloat 2 kilometres above ground in its 1783 voyage; Icelandic volcano Laki erupted in 1783, unleashing an 8-month-long environmental destruction and widespread famine across Europe. Up to 33% of Iceland's population and tens of thousands more in Mainland Europe succumbed to the chain of disasters, leading the eruption to be dubbed as "one of the worst" in contemporary history.

The 1780s (pronounced "seventeen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1780, and ended on December 31, 1789. A period widely considered as transitional between the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution, the 1780s saw the inception of modern philosophy. With the rise of astronomical, technological, and political discoveries and innovations such as Uranus, cast iron on structures, republicanism and hot-air balloons, the 1780s kick-started a rapid global industrialization movement, leaving behind the world's predominantly agrarian customs in the past.

Events

1780

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1781

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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September 5: Battle of the Chesapeake

October–December

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Date unknown

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1782

January–March

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April–June

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April 12: Battle of the Saintes.

July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1783

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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December 23: General George Washington Resigning His Commission

Date unknown

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1784

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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  • July 9 – The Bank of New York opens as the first in New York state[43] and continues to operate under that name for almost 223 years until being acquired by Mellon Financial and becoming BNY Mellon.
  • July 29 – The United States and the Kingdom of France sign a convention for establishing diplomatic relations and "determining the functions and prerogatives of their respective consuls, vice consuls, agents, and commissaries".[44]
  • August 13Parliament of Great Britain passes Pitt's India Act (An Act for the better Regulation and Management of the Affairs of the East India Company and of the British Possessions in India).[45] It requires the governor-general to be chosen from outside the Company and makes company directors subject to parliamentary supervision.
  • August 16Britain creates the colony of New Brunswick.
  • September 19 – In France, the Robert brothers (Anne-Jean Robert and Nicolas-Louis Robert) and a Mr. Collin-Hullin (whose first name is lost to history) become the first people to fly more than 100 km or 100 miles in the air, lifting off from Paris and landing 6 hours and 40 minutes later near Bethune after a journey of 186 kilometres (116 mi).
  • September 22Russia establishes a colony at Kodiak, Alaska.

October–December

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Date unknown

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1785

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1786

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Östersund

Date unknown

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1787


January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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1788

January–March

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April–June

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July–September

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October–December

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Undated

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  • Annual British iron production reaches 68,000 tons.

1789

French Revolution: June 20: Tennis Court Oath, drawing by David.

January–March

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April–June

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April 28: Mutiny on the Bounty.
April 30: George Washington, inaugurated as the First President of the United States.

July–September

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October–December

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Date unknown

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Births

1780

Carl von Clausewitz

1781

Swaminarayan
George Stephenson

1782

Philipp Franz von Walther born 3 January
Stephen Lushington born 14 January
Afanasy Grigoriev born 21 January
Daniel Auber born 29 January
Fyodor Tolstoy born 6 February
Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer born 8 February
Malla Silfverstolpe born 8 February
William Miller born 15 February
Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl born 23 February
Louise Antoinette Lannes born 26 February
Marie Thérèse Haze born 27 February
Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau born 1 March
Johann Rudolf Wyss born 4 March
Ferdinand Gottlieb von Gmelin born 10 March
Orest Kiprensky born 13 March
Aglaé Auguié born 24 March
Caroline Bonaparte born 25 March
María Antonia Santos Plata born 10 April
Prince Teimuraz of Georgia born 23 April
William Darlington born 28 April
Charles-René Laitié born 6 May
Marcia Van Ness born 9 May
Johan Gustaf Sandberg born 13 May
Johann Rombauer born 28 May
Charles Waterton born 3 June
Marie-Anne-Julie Forestier born 13 June
Olry Terquem born 16 June
Charles Floyd born 20 June
Fortunée Briquet born 26 June
Pierre Berthier born 3 July
Rosa Morandi born 5 July
Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca born 6 July
Sophie Ørsted born 16 July
Mariano Enrique Calvo born 18 July
John Field born 26 July
Charles James Napier born 10 August
Charles Lowell born 15 August
Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri born 17 August
Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland born 25 August
Christian Ludwig Nitzsch born 3 September
Marie of Baden born 7 September
Daoguang Emperor born 16 September
Christoph Hawich born 17 September
Stephen Price born 25 September
Richard Peek born 3 October
Charles Maclaren born 7 October
Steen Steensen Blicher born 11 October
Niccolò Paganini born 27 October
Lorenzo Maria of Saint Francis Xavier born 30 October
F. J. Robinson born 1 November
John Pye born 7 November
Joseph Kornhäusel born 13 November
Sophie Swetchine born 22 November
Karl Johann Bernhard Karsten born 26 November
Henry William Pickersgill born 3 December
Waleria Tarnowska born 9 December
Charles Nicolas Fabvier born 10 December
Hans Jakob Oeri born 16 December
Julius Vincenz von Krombholz born 19 December
Therese Brunetti born 24 December
Philaret Drozdov born 26 December
Matthias Joseph de Noël born 28 December
Konstantin Bulgakov born 31 December

1783

Washington Irving
John Crawfurd
Simón Bolívar

1784

George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen
Jonathan Jennings
Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

1785

Jacob Grimm
John James Audubon
Oliver Hazard Perry

1786

Maria Pavlovna of Russia
Davy Crockett
Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

1787

Joseph von Fraunhofer
Louis Daguerre

1788

Arthur Schopenhauer
Joseph Eichendorff
Augustin-Jean Fresnel

1789

René Edward De Russy
Georg Ohm
Catharine Sedgwick

Deaths

1780

Thomas Hutchinson
William Blackstone
Empress Maria Theresa of Austria

1781

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Túpac Amaru II

1782

King Taksin the Great of Thonburi
William Crawford
Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
Hyder Ali

1783

Capability Brown
Leonhard Euler

1784

Denis Diderot
Samuel Johnson

1785

Baldassare Galuppi
Kitty Clive

1786

Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Frederick II of Prussia

1787

Roger Joseph Boscovich
Christoph Willibald Gluck

1788

Thomas Gainsborough
Charles III of Spain

1789

Frances Brooke
Petrus Camper
Silas Deane

References

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